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Tuberculosis (TB) is a communicable disease that mainly affects the lungs. It spreads through droplets released when a person with TB coughs, sneezes, or spits. A tuberculosis test is done to check for Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the bacteria that causes TB. Since tuberculosis can be prevented and treated, timely diagnosis with a TB test and other recommended screenings is important.
The TB test in Dehradun may be recommended if a person has symptoms of TB, has been exposed to someone with active TB, or has factors that increase their risk.
The test can include a TB skin test (Mantoux test) or a TB blood test (IGRA). These tests help identify TB infection, while additional tests may be required to determine whether the infection is active or latent.
A doctor may recommend a TB test in Dehradun if a person has symptoms such as:
A cough lasting more than three weeks
Coughing up blood or sputum
Chest pain
Fatigue
Loss of appetite
Unexplained weight loss
Night sweats
People who have been exposed to someone with active TB or have a higher risk because of certain medical conditions may also be advised to get tested.
There is generally no special preparation required. Fasting is usually not needed for TB blood or skin tests. Inform your doctor about your BCG vaccination, medical conditions, and medicines you are taking.
If you undergo a TB skin test, you will need to return after 48–72 hours so that the reaction can be checked.
For a TB skin test, a small amount of tuberculin is injected into the skin of the forearm. The area is checked after 48–72 hours.
For a TB blood test, a blood sample is collected from a vein and sent to a laboratory for testing.
A positive TB skin or blood test suggests that a person has been infected with TB bacteria. It does not by itself confirm active TB. A doctor may recommend additional tests such as a chest X-ray or sputum test.
A negative result generally suggests that TB infection was not detected, although further testing may be needed if symptoms or risk factors are present.
Factors that can increase the risk include:
HIV infection
Diabetes
Weakened immune system
Certain cancers
Severe kidney disease
Low body weight
Organ transplantation
Certain immune-suppressing medicines
Previous TB infection
Exposure to someone with active TB
Follow BCG vaccination recommendations.
Take preventive treatment if advised for latent TB.
Follow your doctor's treatment and follow-up instructions.
Cover your mouth and nose when coughing or sneezing.
Keep indoor spaces well ventilated.
Avoid close contact with others if you have active TB and your doctor recommends isolation.
Get regular screening if you are at increased risk.
Maintain a healthy lifestyle and avoid smoking.
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