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Tuberculosis (TB) is a communicable disease that mainly affects the lungs. It spreads through droplets released when a person with TB coughs, sneezes, or spits. A tuberculosis test helps detect infection caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
A TB test in Mumbai may be recommended if you have symptoms of TB, have been exposed to someone with active TB, or have a higher risk of developing the disease.
Common TB screening methods include the Mantoux skin test and the IGRA blood test. These tests can indicate whether a person has TB infection, but they cannot alone determine whether the infection is active or latent.
If the result is positive, a doctor may recommend further tests to determine the appropriate treatment.
A doctor may recommend a TB test if you experience:
A cough lasting more than three weeks
Coughing up blood or sputum
Chest pain
Fatigue
Loss of appetite
Unexplained weight loss
Night sweats
People who have been exposed to active TB or have a weakened immune system may also need testing.
There is generally no special preparation required for a TB test. Fasting is usually not needed. Inform your doctor about your BCG vaccination, medical conditions, and medicines.
If a skin test is performed, you will need to return after 48–72 hours for the result.
During a TB skin test, a small amount of tuberculin is injected into the forearm and the reaction is checked after 48–72 hours.
For a TB blood test, a healthcare professional collects a blood sample from a vein and sends it to a laboratory.
A positive TB skin or blood test suggests TB infection. Additional testing may be needed to determine whether the infection is active or latent.
A negative result generally suggests that TB infection was not detected. However, further testing may be recommended if symptoms or risk factors are present.
Risk can be higher in people with:
HIV infection
Diabetes
Weakened immune system
Certain cancers
Kidney disease
Low body weight
Organ transplantation
Previous TB infection
Exposure to someone with active TB
Certain immune-suppressing treatments
Follow BCG vaccination recommendations.
Take preventive treatment when advised.
Complete prescribed treatment and attend follow-up appointments.
Cover your mouth and nose when coughing or sneezing.
Keep indoor areas well ventilated.
Follow medical advice about isolation during active TB.
Get regular screening if you are at higher risk.
Maintain a healthy lifestyle and avoid smoking.
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