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Tuberculosis (TB) is a communicable disease that mainly affects the lungs. It spreads through droplets released when a person with TB coughs, sneezes, or spits. A tuberculosis test helps detect infection caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
A TB test in Pune may be recommended if you have symptoms of TB, have been exposed to someone with active TB, or have factors that increase your risk.
The two common types of TB tests are the TB skin test (Mantoux test) and the TB blood test (IGRA). These tests can identify TB infection, but additional tests may be needed to determine whether it is active or latent.
Doctors may recommend testing if you have:
A cough lasting more than three weeks
Coughing up blood or sputum
Chest pain
Fatigue
Loss of appetite
Weight loss
Night sweats
Testing may also be recommended after exposure to someone with active TB or if you have a weakened immune system or other risk factors.
No special preparation or fasting is generally required. Tell your doctor about your BCG vaccination, medical history, and medicines.
For a skin test, you will need to return after 48–72 hours for the result to be checked.
The TB skin test involves injecting a small amount of tuberculin into the forearm and checking the area after 48–72 hours.
The TB blood test involves collecting a small blood sample from a vein, which is then sent to a laboratory.
A positive TB test suggests TB infection, but it does not confirm whether the infection is active. Further tests such as a chest X-ray or sputum test may be recommended.
A negative result generally indicates that TB infection was not detected. However, people with symptoms or certain risk factors may need additional testing.
The risk may be higher in people with:
HIV infection
Diabetes
Weakened immunity
Certain cancers
Severe kidney disease
Low body weight
Organ transplants
Previous TB infection
Exposure to active TB
Certain medicines that suppress the immune system
Follow BCG vaccination recommendations.
Take preventive treatment if advised.
Complete prescribed TB treatment.
Cover your mouth and nose when coughing or sneezing.
Keep rooms and workplaces well ventilated.
Follow isolation advice if diagnosed with active TB.
Get screened if you are at increased risk.
Maintain a healthy lifestyle and avoid smoking.
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