The high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) test is a vital analytical technique that is used to separate and identify different types of haemoglobin in human blood. This test is commonly used in the medical sector to establish the concentration and purity of a sample. Usually, a doctor recommends a Hb HPLC test to find out about any abnormal haemoglobin, such as sickle cell haemoglobin, beta-thalassemia, and alpha-thalassemia. In the Hb HPLC test, the blood sample of a person is used to detect a specific variant of haemoglobin present in the blood sample.